RSV- What it is and what you need to know about it

RSV stands for respiratory syncytial virus and is most common reason for infant hospital admission. (Although metapneumo virus or MPV will cause very similar results.) When adults or older children contract the virus the immune system responds by producing more mucous to catch the virus so it can be moved out of the lungs by coughing and the action of microscopic hair-like parts in the lungs called cilia. In an infant the problem is that the virus also causes inflammation of the lungs (bronchiolitis) and this swelling of their tiny airways makes it difficult to move the mucous and viruses out. The irritation causes more mucous production and the poor tiny guys are almost drowning in their own snot. Frequently because the infants don't feel well, they don't drink enough, they become dehydrated and that makes the mucous thick and sticky and more difficult to cough out.
 Because RSV is a virus, antibiotics do nothing for it. There is a vaccine, but it is VERY expensive and doesn't guarantee prevention. It's called Synergis and it generally only given to very premature babies. There is no vaccine for MPV. The only treatment is oxygen, suction and fluids. Sometimes suctioning with a bulb syringe is enough to clear the airway, but more often the infants need to be deep suctioned by a professional. If your infant displays any of the following, it is time to see a doctor: retracting (or sucking in) around the rib cage and collar bones, blue lips, grey color, difficulty breathing, wheezing, or breathing faster than 60 times per minute.
 Here's how to prevent your baby from getting RSV.

• If they are under 3 months old, keep them inside during the winter months. I know that sounds a little drastic, but I am serious. Babies can die from this.
• Keep sick people away from your baby. What is minor for them is not minor for your baby.
• Do not smoke near your baby, it increases his/her risk for respiratory illnesses.
• Wash your hands frequently and insist that everyone else does the same.

Once I took care of a tiny infant whose grandma had come to visit. Grandma had bronchitis, but had already paid for her airline ticket from across the country and was too excited to stay away from her new grandchild. The infant quickly came down with bronchiolitis caused by RSV and became very ill. At one point  a mucous plug formed in one of the lungs, causing a pneumothorax (the tension caused the lung to "pop" and deflate). That infant had to be life-lighted to a Pediatric ICU at another hospital. I don't know whether or not it survived. I share this story because I want people to realise how very serious RSV is. Keep sick people away from your babies, even if it is Grandma.